This study focuses on the factors that are associated with recording multiple causes as the cause of death in Czechia. An XGBoost multiple regression is used in the analysis and its results are interpreted with SHAP values. The most significant factors associated with the number of causes of death, ranked in order of importance, are the place of death, the region, and the underlying cause of death. Age and autopsy also contribute, albeit to a lesser extent. Several important interactions were identified as well.

This study focuses on mode of delivery by maternal characteristics such as age, education, marital status, region, and mode of previous delivery. We use microdata provided by the Ministry of Health and find that the likelihood of a C-section increases with the age of the mother, but a previous natural delivery weakens this association. Women who are married more often give birth by planned C-section. Emergency C-sections occur more often among unmarried women. Women in the Trenčín region more often deliver spontaneously, and women in the Bratislava and Nitra regions more often deliver by C-section. Due to the early onset of fertility, women with primary education more often deliver spontaneously. Women with secondary education under the age of 35 more often deliver by planned C-section than university-educated women. Our results are policy-relevant for further decision-making and planning in obstetrics and gynaecology in Slovakia, especially by pinpointing the different risk categories in terms of maternal education or marital status by mother’s age.

Population ageing is a typical feature of population development in the majority of countries in the world. In each population, this process is specific – whether in terms of the timing of its onset or the factors that modify the process of population ageing. The main aim of this article is to identify the processes of population ageing in the districts of Slovakia. A regional analysis of this process focused on population ageing in Slovak districts in the years 2011 and 2021 using cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis of population ageing identified northern and eastern Slovakia as districts whose populations have a younger age structure. The western and southwestern districts of Slovakia have populations with an old age structure. In 2021, this age polarity began to change the territory of Slovakia. The suburbanised region of the capital, Bratislava, is becoming significant, as the population in the districts there is getting younger.

Social benefit income is an important source of financial income for households. It is intended to cover the needs of people in certain defined social situations. The aim of this contribution is to characterise how the social benefits that are provided to citizens by individual social systems have changed over time and to point out some key problems, solving which should be a focus of attention in the coming years.

Based on data from a questionnaire survey and in-depth qualitative interviews with parents who have separated, the text describes the dynamics of the negotiations relating to physical custody of a child. When negotiating a custody arrangement, parents develop their strategies in relation to the prevailing model in Czech society of granting mothers sole custody. Most women prefer to maintain this arrangement, while fathers more often seek to move towards an equal division of care. When fathers are granted sole custody it is not usually on the basis of a consensual agreement being reached between parents. Custody arrangements enforced without parental consent are potentially conflictual and unstable.

The article analyses the demographic development of Czech Republic in 2022 and sets it in the context of demographic trends in the last decade 2013–2022. The study focuses on the main demographic processes, namely fertility, mortality, nuptiality, divorce rate, and migration. The population of the Czech Republic grew as a result of the positive balance of international migration in 2022. Although the number of deaths decreased significantly year-on-year, the number of live births decreased considerably as well. Life expectancy at birth has increased for both sexes. The number of marriages increased to the level of 2018. The divorce rate continued its decline and, unlike nuptiality, it did not return to its pre-pandemic level.

Population ageing in the United States has resulted in a substantial increase in retiree households. Understanding consumer behaviour among older individuals is crucial for assessing their well-being and living conditions. This study emphasises the importance of recognising the unique needs and preferences of older consumers, as their consumption patterns have a significant influence on household expenditures. While the stereotype of frugal retirees has evolved and active seniors are now portrayed as high spenders, the Covid-19 pandemic highlighted seniors' practical and realistic approach to their spending and challenged the popular notion of a lifestyle of forever-young seniors. Seniors still prioritise essential goods and services. During the pandemic, health-related expenditures increased, and they adapted their leisure activities to home-based alternatives. Our study investigates whether pre-retirees and retirees have shifted from prioritising retirement savings to focusing on essential needs like healthcare and housing, or whether they are allocating resources for experiences and travel to enhance their quality of life before and after retirement. Seniors exhibit distinct consumption patterns, with higher expenditures on health, personal care, and leisure activities than younger age groups. Consequently, businesses and policymakers need to develop strategies that account for the diverse consumption patterns of seniors, rather than assuming they will adopt the preferences of younger generations. The silver economy represents a dynamic and expanding market, particularly in the health and social care sector, offering substantial opportunities for investment.

The municipalities in Slovakia in which the majority of people live in Roma settlements are characterised by several specific features. However, only limited attention has been paid to the process of migration and especially internal migration. The main goal of this article is the analysis of internal migration in selected municipalities with the highest proportion (more than 80%) of people living in Roma settlements. We tried to identify both the total volume and intensity of internal migration from and to the analysed municipalities, along with the available structural characteristics of the persons who changed their permanent residence. The results we obtained confirmed lower migration dynamics in these municipalities. We also found that economic factors do not play a significant role in migration within Slovakia. The most important reasons for migration were housing, for younger people following a family member who migrated, and, in older age groups, health reasons, especially in the case of emigrants. Factors behind the younger age of migrants from and to these municipalities include the fact that these migrants tend to complete education and begin some family transitions (childbearing, marriage) earlier than the majority population. Higher chances of migration were confirmed for more educated persons and, except among younger people, for people who not married. The results also confirmed the relatively narrow geographical area in which migration occurs, with most moves taking place over a short distance.

Marriage formation and dissolution behaviours have changed significantly over time in Czechia. This article studies in greater detail the marital behaviour changes observed in the period 1993–2022 using the LIPRO 4.0 multistate programme, which allows for a detailed analysis of changes in life expectancy according to years spent in each marital state, marriage formation and dissolution behaviours, and the average ages at the time of different marital status events. The probabilities for the transition to the divorced and to the remarried state at selected ages are also presented, along with a status-quo projection of the Czech population until 2030. The results indicate the continued postponement of marriage and subsequent marital events. Czechs have been spending an increasing time never-married since the establishment of Czechia. However, recent improvements in first marriage and remarriage rates at the same time as declining divorce rates since 2019 suggest a renewed interest in marriage. Despite these positive developments, the population projection indicates a continued increase in the never-married population.

The article presents the administrative data sources used in the 2021 population census in Czechia and describes the main steps in data processing leading from raw input data to the final census population. Special attention is paid to signs-of-life analysis, which deals with the issue of overcoverage in the population register. The article ties in with a previous article (published in 2022) that discussed the use of registers in European population censuses and explained the process of combining data sources in the previous 2011 Czech population census.